COLLECTED AAS INFO & HOW TO CYCLE, Profiles, Info, Cycles etc

CONTENTS:

HALF LIVES OF STEROID ESTERS (dave876)

THE IDEAL CYCLE PROGRESSION

40 POINTS WHEN USING STEROIDS
: safe steroid use and 'How To Guide' for injections (by Dr. X, Mazzy)

HOW TO READ BLOOD TESTS (by Dr. X)

STEROID PROFILES (with thanks to Guard Dog, Prolangatum and Tehkry)
Testosterone Enanthate (Test E, Enan)
Testosterone Propionate (Test prop, prop)
Sustanon (sust, test blend)
Anadrol (Oxandrolone, a-drol, a-bombs)
Dianabol (dbol, methandienone)
Halotestin
Anavar (Var, oxymetholone)

HOW TO CREATE THE PERFECT CYCLE (by Dr.X)

HOW TO CAPS POWDERS(with thanks to Tommy D, Basskiller)

to come: steroid comparison chart

STEROID DETECTION TIMES

LINKS

(this thread still under construction!) - TAC



This post has been edited by TAC on Jun 21 2007, 04:33 AM

ACTIVE HALF-LIFE OF STEROIDS AND ESTERS

An important consideration when planning a steroid cycle, in particular the timing of dosing to be administered, is the active half-life of the drug being employed. The half-life may be defined as the time (t) the level is half of the starting level of a given compound; at time 2t, the level is a quarter of the starting level, and at time 3t, the level is an eighth of the starting level, and so on.

This information is vital in the timing of the dosing when attempting to achieve a more stable blood concentration, which leads to greater overall results and maintenance of gains. Some fluctuations of concentration levels are acceptable, and are also mostly unavoidable, but should be kept to a minimum.

This article covers the active life's of the most commonly used steroids, esters and ancillary compounds.

Oral steroids Drug Active half-life
Anadrol / Anapolan50 (oxymetholone) 8 to 9 hours
Anavar (oxandrolone) 9 hours
Dianabol (methandrostenolone, methandienone) 4.5 to 6 hours
Methyltestosterone 4 days
Winstrol (stanozolol)
(tablets or depot taken orally) 9 hours

Depot steroids Drug Active half-life
Deca-durabolin (Nandrolone decanate) 14 days
Equipoise 14 days
Finaject (trenbolone acetate) 3 days
Primobolan (methenolone enanthate) 10.5 days
Sustanon or Omnadren 15 to 18 days
Testosterone Cypionate 12 days
Testosterone Enanthate 10.5 days
Testosterone Propionate 4.5 days
Testosterone Suspension 1 day
Winstrol (stanozolol) 1 day

*Winstrol depot does not actually possess a classical half-life because it is un-esterified. Instead, the microcrystals dissolve slowly. Once they have all dissolved levels of the drug fall very rapidly. It is still an important consideration, and we have included it with a half-life of one day.


Steroid esters Drug Active half-life
Formate 1.5 days
Acetate 3 days
Propionate 2 days
Phenylpropionate 4.5 days
Butyrate 6 days
Valerate 7.5 days
Hexanoate 9 days
Caproate 9 days
Isocaproate 9 days
Heptanoate 10.5 days
Enanthate 10.5 days
Octanoate 12 days
Cypionate 12 days
Nonanoate 13.5 days
Decanoate 15 days
Undecanoate 16.5 days

Ancillaries Drug Active half-life
Arimidex 3 days
Clenbuterol 1.5 days
Clomid 5 days
Cytadren 6 hours
Ephedrine 6 hours
T3 10 hours

A practical example is if one was to inject 100mg of testosterone propionate and allow blood levels to peak. In 1-1.5 days time (half-life duration from the above tables) and providing no other injections had taken place, the level would be reduced to 50mg. Again, a further 1-1.5 days down the line and levels would have dropped to 25mg, and the value keeps halving every 1-1.5 days.

This post has been edited by TAC on Jun 17 2007, 07:08 PM

Half-life is the time for a compound to breakdown(decaying exponentially) to half of its initial value. For example, some PH/PS compounds start to breakdown after 4 hours, so in those products, you would want to spread the dosages evenly throughout the day to keep an even elevated blood supply versus taking the entire daily dosage at one time.

Here is a more scientific answer in case your interested: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-life
For exponential decay: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_decay

This post has been edited by TAC on Jun 17 2007, 07:08 PM

I have combined some of the stickies to make the forum look cleaner, deleted a few of the posts and edited a few to make them make more sense in light of the ones I deleted (didn't interfere with the meaning of them though).

In answer to a few of the half-life questions:

Nolvadex (tamoxifen citrate) has a long half-life, around a week if I remember correctly, but it should still be taken once daily.

I don't believe anyone has exact numbers as far as the prohormones go, but most of them are eliminated within a few days at the latest, except for 19-nor. In any case, one should take orals at least three times a day (except for perhaps methyls - there is a lot of debate over the best way to use those) and transdermals should be administered twice a day.

If this is your first time around I implore you to go with just a Test only cycle (d-bol is fine to add), combine that with a 4000-5000 calorie a day strict clean diet, along with 8 hours of good sleep every night, and last but not least a sound training program that kicks your ass. You will be amazed by the results. Wait to begin stacking until you know how you react to the Test.

BULKING CYCLES

What should be your first cycle...Test only
Week 1-10 400-500mg Test Enth or Cyp. (2 shots per week)

PCT (14 days after last shot for Enth., 18 days for Cyp)
Day 1 300mg Clomid, Day 2-11 100mg clomid, day 12-21 50mg clomid
Week 13-15 20mg Nolva ED

Possible additions...
Week 1-4 D-bol 25-35 mg ED (spread throughout day at 3-4 hour intervals)
Week 1-12 .25mg or L-dex ED (if the bloat is too much for you)
Week 1-12 10mg Nolva ED (if you are prone to gyno, not if you simply think you are prone)

The longer esters (Enth or Cyp) of Test are more ideal for a first cycle based on the fact that this should be your first time pinning yourself. As such having to jab 1-2 times per week would be more easily accomplished then Prop with ED injects. The D-bol is optional as a kick start to the cycle before the Test kicks in. I prefer PCT with a CLomid and Nolva combo, some might say this is overkill and if you are one of them then Clomid only is fine as outlined above.

Second Stack...add 1 new compound
Week 1-4 25-35mg D-bol ED (spread throughout day at 3-4 hour intervals)
Week 1-12 500mg Test Enth or Cyp. (2 shots per week)
Week 1-11 400mg Deca or EQ (2 shots per week)

PCT (21 days after last shot of Deca or EQ)
Same PCT as above, Clomid and Nolva

Possible additions...
Week 1-14 200mg Vitamin B6 ED (to keep Progesterone/Deca gyno at bay)
Week 1-14 Nolva 10mg ED (if you are prone to gyno)
Week 1-14 .25mg or L-dex ED (if the bloat is too much for you)

Keeping with the standard "Test as the base of all cycles" rule, simply add 1 new compound with each additional cycle. Because as witht he Test in the first cycle, you never know how your body will react. Deca is great for adding bulk during a cycle as well as lubricating the joints to prevent against injury. EQ is a great substitute for Deca, it can give you nice lean gains that are easier to keep after cycling off. With either Deca or EQ, you can and should IMO continue pinning your Test for 1 week after due to the longer half-life of the Deca/EQ, this way both compounds should be at proper levels to begin your PCT (except in the case of Sustanon which has a Decanoate ester included).

Third stack...add 1 new compound
Week 1-4 25-35mg D-bol ED (spread throughout day at 3-4 hour intervals)
Week 1-12 500mg Test Enth, Cyp.(2 shots per week) , Or Sustanon (preferably shot EOD)
Week 1-11 400mg Deca or EQ (2 shots per week)
Week 8-14 50mg Winny ED

PCT (21 days after last shot with Deca/1 day after last Winny shot/tab)
Same PCT as above. Clomid and Nolva

Possible additions...
Week 1-14 200mg Vitamin B6 ED (to keep Deca gyno at bay)
Week 1-14 Nolva 10mg ED (if you are prone to gyno)
Week 1-14 .25mg or L-dex ED (if the bloat is too much for you)

In this cycle, the next addition/possibility was two-fold.
1) The option of using Sustanon, a blend of 4 different Test esters, all with different half-lives that make this option best used EOD. Some good gains have been made with 2 jabs per week but that does not take full advantage of the esters and the full benefits of using Sust.
2) Winny is good for those who are looking to "harden up" towards the end of a wet cycle such as Test/Deca/D-bol. It doesn't provide much in the area of mass gains but can make your physique look more cut up (through an anti-estrogen/diuretic property), provided your bf% is low enough.

Fourth Stack...add 1 new compound
Week 1-4 25-35mg D-bol ED
Week 1-12 500mg Test Enth, Cyp. (2 shots per week), Or Sustanon
Week 1-11 200-400mg Deca or 400-600mg EQ
Week 1-6 or 9-14 50-75mg Tren Acetate ED or 100-150mg EOD

PCT (21 days after last shot with Deca/Sust or 3 days after last Tren shot)
Same PCT as above. Clomid and Nolva

Possible additions...
Week 1-14 200mg Vitamin B6 ED (to keep Deca/Tren gyno at bay)
Week 1-14 Nolva 10mg ED (if you are prone to gyno)
Week 1-14 .25mg or L-dex ED (if the bloat is too much for you)

Ahhh, the the moment we have all been waiting for the introduction of Tren into a cycle (not really though as Tren and its side effects are not for everyone). IMO, start slow with the Tren, either do 50mg ED or 100mg EOD...if necessary (which it probably won't be) push it up to 75mg ED or 150mg EOD. I really like the idea of lubricating the joints with Deca when using Tren. Who wants to tear up the tendons and ligaments from those tremendous strength increases, again EQ can be substituted for the Deca but not a good choice IMO. The main problem with this stack is too much Progesterone/Prolactin build-up...this could be the cycle from hell if you don't use your ancillaries correctly. You should look into procuring some Dostinex since Vitamin B6 might not be strong enough to hold back these guys.

CUTTING CYCLES

Any stack can work as both a bulker or cutter as diet plays the most important part in deciding this, some compounds are simply prefered for one or the other for certain properties. Ex. D-bol=massive water retention, Winny=dry, lean gains

First cutting cycle...Test only
Week 1-8 50-75mg Test Prop ED or 100-150mg EOD (ideally ED not EOD)

PCT (2 Days after last shot)
Same PCT as above. Clomid and Nolva

Possible additions...
Week 1-8 Nolva 10mg ED (if you are prone to gyno)

For cutting, less bloat is desirable, as such Test Prop is the choice to go with, the longer esters bloat can be contained by AI's if you don't like the idea of daily jabs. Idealy, Prop should be shot ED though results can still be seen with EOD jabs.

Second cutting stack...add 1 new item
Week 1-8 75mg Test Prop ED or 150mg EOD
Week 3-8 50mg Winny ED

PCT (2 Days after last shot/tab)
Same PCT as above. Clomid and Nolva

Possible additions...
Week 1-8 Nolva 10mg ED (if you are prone to gyno)

Again, Test Prop with the addition of some Winny for its "hardening" effect. For Winny, the route of its administration is entriely up to you. Many users report Winny to be a very annoying/burning compound to pin. As such, though the bioavailability will decrease slightly, oral administration is better IMO unless you have something to dilute the Winny with such as your daily Test Prop injection.

Third cutting stack...add 1 new item
Week 1-8 50-75mg Test Prop ED or 150mg EOD (ideally ED not EOD)
Week 1-8 50mg Tren Acetate ED or 100mg EOD

PCT (2 Days after last shot of Prop, 3 days after last shot of Tren)
Same PCT as above. Clomid and Nolva

Test Prop and Tren Ace can be used as a cutter, but the Test/Tren combo is so strong that you can bulk like crazy while droping some bf% as Tren seems to have some properties that help with VAT fat burning (as does Anavar).

CLOSING STATEMENTS:

I do not use or endorse the use of any illegal supplements...this is all just role playing and I am not liable for any use/misuse.

With that said...as you can tell most of the cycles utilize many of the same compounds. Other compounds can be used to replace some such as...Anadrol in place of D-bol for more experienced users. More exotic/expensive compounds such as Anavar would be a great addition to just about any cycle. Also there are many different esters of almost all of the injectable steroids...they can be substituted in the place of their cousins already listed with the appropriate pinning schedule revisions. (Ex. Tren Enth in place of Tren Acetate or Nandrolone Phenylprop in place of Deca).

Fpot66

This post has been edited by Nicholas18644 on Feb 18 2006, 08:07 AM

Steroids 40 points
by Mozzy

1. Have shower! Try to use an anti-bacterial soap if you can this will kill of any bacteria on the skin which will prevent them getting in though you injection and if you get acne during your cycle it may help.
2. Check you have all of you injection materials at hand. Build yourself a kit with all you will need in it. Detox does a good anti bacterial soap for under a pound.
3. Soak oil based steroid ampoules (or the base of bottles) in hot water (not boiling) for a few minuets prior to injection this will thin out the oils making them easier to pass down the needle and to spread out in the muscle.
4. Remove any excess garments before injecting as they may fall on your injection area during injections.
5. The best pins to use are either greens (21 gauge) or blues (23gauge) and should be either 1 inch or one and a half inches long, I would recommend that you use a needle only once. Orange (25guage) thinner needles can be used for water or alcohol based steroids.
6. The syringe should be large enough to accommodate the entire steroid the best to get are probably 3-5cc/ml.
7. The injection site should be properly disinfected before injection using a steret or if that is not available an alcohol based disinfectant like surgical spirit to kill of any surface bacteria. Anti bacterial wipes can also be used.
8. It may be best to wipe down the top of the ampoules with the steret as well, so that no bacteria can get into the needle when you draw up the steroid. Also never touch the needle with you hands.
9. Choose a site that you are happy with. Personally I think the ass is the best place. If you stand up and clench you buttocks and you will be able to feel at the top forward point of the glute there is a bulge in which the muscle sticks out a little more that the rest of the buttock. I found this to be the best site for oil-based steroids.
10. If you sleep on you side you may find it better to inject into the buttock of the side you do not sleep on so you may have more ease sleeping.
11. Draw the oils up the needle slowly to prevent lots of air bubbles forming.
12. Place the cap on the needle and place the syringe in an upright position to allow the small bubbles to rise to the top some flicking of the syringe may help dislodge and stubborn bubbles stuck to the side of the chamber.
13. After a few moments all of the bubbles will have reached to top when this has happened you need to squeeze the air slowly out of the chamber and allow a little of the oil to run down the pin. This will ensure that there are not any little bubbles remaining at the top of the chamber and the oil, which runs down the needle, will act like a lubricant when the needle penetrates the skin.
14. While holding the syringe in one hand find the injection site with the other, pull the skin slightly apart to allow ease of injection. When the site is found the needle should be sharply thrust into the skin a little way and then the whole of the needle should be slowly inserted into the muscle.
15. Note when inserting, retracting or injecting the needle should not be allowed to wiggle inside the muscle as this may scratch up the inside and cause irritation, the needle should only move in and out with no deviation at all.
16. When the needle is in place you should retract the plunger a little. If blood appears you have entered a vein and you should retract the whole needle and find a new site, as injecting straight into a vein will give you a good chance of having a stroke or heart attack if the pure oil enters the brain or heart.
17. If you see an air bubble form at the top of the needle when you pull the plunger back, there is air in the needle and it is best to retract, expel the air and re-inject.
18. Once the needle in embedded in the muscle pressure should be gently applied to the end of the syringe to slowly and evenly deliver the entire steroid. If not enough pressure is applied it will take too long and you may have to stop pushing because you hand get too tired and if you push it in too fast a pocket of oil may form which can be uncomfortable.
19. Withdraw the needle slowly, immediately after the needle has left the skin massage vigorously. Do this for some time, as it will help distribute the steroid evenly over the muscle as well as stopping blood loss threw the injection site.
20. Dispose of your injection equipment with responsibility. Don't just chuck it in the local bin in the street as any small kids could hurt themselves on it. It is best if you get a pair of pliers and you bend down the end of the needle so that it can’t hurt any one. Needle exchanges can be used for disposal and will be happy to supply you disposal equipment etc.
21. Never share a needle with any one!
22. Always use strict hygiene in every injection, if one day you forget or cant be bothered you may end up with a two-inch abscess in your ass, which will eat and destroy your muscle and you may have to take three months or more to recover.
23. Only use steroids from some one you trust if you are in doubt of what's in the bottle DO NOT USE IT!
24. When cracking off the tops of ampoules use a towel or dry flannel as some times when it breaks the glass shatters and you don't want hands cut to ribbons or you can use a file to lightly score it first.
25. When using steroids that come out of bottles rather than amps. Use one needle to draw out of the bottle with and one to inject with. Also when drawing out of a bottle, say you want to draw out two ml. into the chamber then it is best to fill the syringe with 2cc's of air. Then insert it into the bottle and push the air in this will give a certain amount of pressure in the bottle and will make it easier to draw up the oil.
26. Always have all the steroids and other drugs for your cycle before you start as you may think you local source is reliable and if a bus hits him while you are 5 weeks in you could be in trouble.
27. If you are doing a cycle you have never done before or are new to steroid use always have a good supply of anti estrogens to hand as you don't want to get gynomastoma. Clomid or nolvadex are probably the best.
28. If you get problems with Roid-rage (although rare) consider the effects you will have on you loved ones. Is getting massive more important that you wife and family?
29. Steroids only have their best effect with proper training, diet and rest, ask you self " do I have all these?" If the answer is no you better sort them out before wasting you time and money on steroids.
30. People who are still growing should never contemplate steroid use. As it may stunt their growth and deform their bones.
31. Women should be very wary using any testosterone-based steroids, as the side effects are dramatic and permanent. Do you want to grow a beard as big as mine? ZZ top eat you heart out the women body builders are here!
32. Oral steroids are effective as well as intramuscular injectable versions. Both have their side effects. Tablets require no special equipment for delivery and there is no chance of getting an infection from poor hygiene from them either but they are far more toxic to the liver.
33. Injectable steroids need only be applied once or twice a week while orals have to typically taken throughout the day.
34. Do a lot of research into cycles and the effects and side effects of steroid use and make an educated decision before parting with your cash. The Internet is very useful for this.
35. Typical side effects on men, from testosterone based steroids are: water retention, gynomastoma, acne, oily skin, mood swings, sleeping problems, sexual appetite changes, reduction in the size of the testicles and reduction in the amount of fluid you ejaculate.
36. Water or alcohol based steroids can be injected into the delts as well as the usual glutes and quads.
37. If you suffer from high blood pressure don't even think about it!
38. If you are the typical 17 year old wannabe who has been training arms and chest only for the last six weeks and wants to do a course of 1000mg a week sustanon who eats burgers, beer and pizza and wants too look like Flex or Leverone? IT WON'T HAPPEN! You have more chance looking like the Madeline Allbright after you cycle.
39. Being massive is NOT what it's all about. If you are a 200lbs fat f*#k you will be a 240lbs fatter f*#ker after you cycle. Learn to control you calories. Its better to be smaller and leaner and look better than to be a lard ass.
40. Phew! Last one. What ever you do, do it properly be it natural or chemically assisted know what you are doing. There are no fast routs to getting lean or massive it takes time and dedication. If you aren’t in it for the whole slog ... don't bother go and hire a video and call out for a pizza.

Bloodwork Knowledge

Blood tests

You just had some blood work done, and the friggin' doctor or his nurses are guarding the results as if they're state secrets. However, after much cajoling and explaining that you'd like to at least be an informed partner in your own goshdarn health care, they begrudgingly give you a copy of your lab tests.

Trouble is, as much as you've been posturing about how you've had more than a smattering of medical education, you still can't figure out what half the tests are for and whether or not those abnormal values are anything to worry about.

Well, in the following article, I'm going to go over each of the most common tests. I'll include why it's performed, what it tells you, and what the typical ranges are for normal humans. That way, you'll have something more to go on in assessing your health other than your family doctor saying, "Well, these few values are a little worrisome, but you'll probably be okay."

One note, though, before I get started. The values I'll be listing are merely averages and the ranges may vary slightly from laboratory to laboratory. Also, if there's only one range given, it applies to both men and women.

Lipid Panel — Used to determine possible risk for coronary and vascular disease. In other words, heart disease.

HDL/LDL and Total Cholesterol

These lipoproteins should look rather familiar to most of you. HDL is simply the "good" lipoprotein that acts as a scavenger molecule and prevents a buildup of material. LDL is the "bad" lipoprotein which collects in arterial walls and causes blockage or a reduction in blood flow. The total cholesterol to HDL ratio is also important. I went in to detail about this particular subject — as well as how to improve your lipid profile — in my article "Bad Blood".

Nevertheless, a quick remonder: your HDL should be 35 or higher; LDL below 130; and total to HDL ratio should be below 3.5. Oh and don't forget VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) which can be extremely worrisome. You should have less than 30 mg/dl in order to not be considered at risk for heart disease.

On a side note, I'm sure some of you are wishing that you had abnormally low plasma cholesterol levels (as if it's something to brag about), but the fact is that having extremely low cholesterol levels is actually indicative of severe liver disease.

Triglycerides

Triglycerides are simply a form of fat that exists in the bloodstream. They're transported by two other culprits, VLDL and LDL. A high level of triglycerides is also a risk factor for heart disease as well. Triglycerides levels can be increased if food or alcohol is consumed 12 to 24 hours prior to the blood draw and this is the reason why you're asked to fast for 12-14 hours from food and abstain from alcohol for 24 hours. Here are the normal ranges for healthy humans.

16-19 yr. old male
40-163 mg/dl

Adult Male
40-160 mg/dl

16-19 yr. old female
40-128 mg/dl

Adult Female
35-135 mg/dl

Homocysteine

Unfortunately, this test isn't always ordered by the doctor. It should be. Homocysteine is formed in the metabolism of the dietary amino acid methionine. The problem is that it's a strong risk factor for atherosclerosis. In other words, high levels may cause you to have a heart attack. A good number of lifters should be concerned with this value as homocysteine levels rise with anabolic steroid usage.

Luckily, taking folic acid (about 400-800 mcg.) as well as taking a good amount of all B vitamins in general will go a long way in terms of preventing a rise in levels of homocysteine.

Normal ranges:

Males and Females age 0-30
4.6-8.1 umol/L

Males age 30-59
6.3-11.2 umol/L

Females age 30-59
4.5-7.9 umol/L

>59 years of age
5.8-11.9 umol/L

The Hemo Profile

These are various tests that examine a number of components of your blood and look for any abnormalities that could be indicative of serious diseases that may result in you being an extra in the HBO show, "Six Feet Under."

WBC Total (White Blood Cell)

Also referred to as leukocytes, a fluctuation in the number of these types of cells can be an indicator of things like infections and disease states dealing with immunity, cancer, stress, etc.

Normal ranges:

4,500-11,000/mm3

Neutrophils

This is one type of white blood cell that's in circulation for only a very short time. Essentially their job is phagocytosis, which is the process of killing and digesting bacteria that cause infection. Both severe trauma and bacterial infections, as well as inflammatory or metabolic disorders and even stress, can cause an increase in the number of these cells. Having a low number of neutrophils can be indicative of a viral infection, a bacterial infection, or a rotten diet.

Normal ranges:

2,500-8,000 cells per mm3

RBC (Red Blood Cell)

These blood cells also called erythrocytes and their primary function is to carry oxygen (via the hemoglobin contained in each RBC) to varioustissues as well as giving our blood that cool "red" color. Unlike WBC, RBC survive in peripheral blood circulation for approximately 120 days. A decrease in the number of these cells can result in anemia which could stem from dietary insufficiencies. An increase in number can occur when androgens are used. This is because androgens increase EPO (erythropoietin) production which in turn increases RBC count and thus elevates blood volume. This is essentially why some androgens are better than others at increasing "vascularity." Anyhow, the danger in this could be an increase in blood pressure or a stroke.

Androgen-using lifters who have high values should consider making modifications to their stack and/or immediately donating some blood.

Normal ranges:

Adult Male
4,700,000-6,100,000 cells/uL

Adult Female
4,200,000-5,400,000 cells/uL

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is what serves as a carrier for both oxygen and carbon dioxide transportation. Molecules of this are found within each red blood cell. An increase in hemoglobin can be an indicator of congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, sever burns, or dehydration. Being at high altitudes, or the use of androgens, can cause an increase as well. A decrease in number can be a sign of anemia, lymphoma, kidney disease, sever hemorrhage, cancer, sickle cell anemia, etc.

Normal ranges:

Males and females 6-18 years
10-15.5 g/dl

Adult Males
14-18 g/dl

Adult Females
12-16 g/dl

Hematocrit

The hematocrit is used to measure the percentage of the total blood volume that's made up of red blood cells. An increase in percentage may be indicative of congenital heart disease, dehydration, diarrhea, burns, etc. A decrease in levels may be indicative of anemia, hyperthyroidism, cirrhosis, hemorrhage, leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, pregnancy, malnutrition, a sucking knife wound to the chest, etc.

Normal ranges:

Male and Females age 6-18 years
32-44%

Adult Men
42-52%

Adult Women
37-47%

MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)

This is one of three red blood cell indices used to check for abnormalities. The MCV is the size or volume of the average red blood cell. A decrease in MCV would then indicate that the RBC's are abnormally large(or macrocytic), and this may be an indicator of iron deficiency anemia or thalassemia. When an increase is noted, that would indicate abnormally small RBC (microcytic), and this may be indicative of a vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency as well as liver disease.

Normal ranges:

Adult Male
80-100 fL

Adult Female
79-98 fL

12-18 year olds
78-100 fL

MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin)

The MCH is the weight of hemoglobin present in the average red blood cell. This is yet another way to assess whether some sort of anemia or deficiency is present.

Normal ranges:

12-18 year old
35-45 pg

Adult Male
26-34 pg

Adult Female
26-34 pg


MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration)

The MCHC is the measurement of the amount of hemoglobin present in the average red blood cell as compared to its size. A decrease in number is an indicator of iron deficiency, thalassemia, lead poisoning, etc. An increase is sometimes seen after androgen use.

Normal ranges:

12-18 year old
31-37 g/dl

Adult Male
31-37 g/dl

Adult Female
30-36 g/dl

RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width)

The RDW is an indicator of the variation in red blood cell size. It's used in order to help classify certain types of anemia, and to see if some of the red blood cells need their suits tailored. An increase in RDW can be indicative of iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anemia, and diseases like sickle cell anemia.

Normal ranges:

Adult Mal
11.7-14.2%

Adult Female
11.7-14.2%

Platelets

Platelets or thrombocytes are essential for your body's ability to form blood clots and thus stop bleeding. They're measured in order to assess the likelihood of certain disorders or diseases. An increase can be indicative of a malignant disorder, rheumatoid arthritis, iron deficiency anemia, etc. A decrease can be indicative of much more, including things like infection, various types of anemia, leukemia, etc.

On a side note for these ranges, anything above 1 million/mm3 would be considered a critical value and should warrant concern and/or giving second thoughts as to whether you should purchase a lifetime subscription to Muscle Media.

Normal ranges:

Child
150,000-400,000/mm3
(Most commonly displayed in SI units of 150-400 x 10(9th)/L

Adult
150,000-400,000/mm3
(Most commonly displayed in SI units of 150-400 x 10(9th)/L

ABS (Differential Count)

The differential count measures the percentage of each type of leukocyte or white blood cell present in the same specimen. Using this, they can determine whether there's a bacterial or parasitic infection, as well as immune reactions, etc.

Pt. 2

Neutrophils

As explained previously, severe trauma and bacterial infections, as well as inflammatory disorders, metabolic disorders, and even stress can cause an increase in the number of these cells. Also, on the other side of the spectrum, a low number of these cells can indicate a viral infection, a bacterial infection, or a deficient diet.

Percentile Range:

55-70%

Basophils

These cells, and in particular, eosinophils, are present in the event of an allergic reaction as well as when a parasite is present. These types of cells don't increase in response to viral or bacterial infections so if an increased count is noted, it can be deduced that either an allergic response has occurred or a parasite has taken up residence in your shorts.

Percentile Range:

Basophils
0.5-1%

Eosinophils
1-4%

Lymphocytes and Monocytes

Lymphocytes can be divided in to two different types of cells: T cells and B cells. T cells are involved in immune reactions and B cells are involved in antibody production. The main job of lymphocytes in general is to fight off — Bruce Lee style — bacterial and viral infections.

Monocytes are similar to neutrophils but are produced more rapidly and stay in the system for a longer period of time.

Percentile Range:

Lymphocytes
20-40%

Monocytes
2-8%

Selected Clinical Values

Sodium

This cation (an ion with a postive charge) is mainly found in extracellular spaces and is responsible for maintaining a balance of water in the body. When sodium in the blood rises, the kidneys will conserve water and when the sodium concentration is low, the kidneys conserve sodium and excrete water. Increased levels can result from excessive dietary intake, Cushing's syndrome, excessive sweating, burns, forgetting to drink for a week, etc. Decreased levels can result from a deficient diet, Addison's disease, diarrhea, vomiting, chronic renal insufficiency, excessive water intake, congestive heart failure, etc. Anabolic steroids will lead to an increased level of sodium as well.

Normal range:

Adults
136-145 mEq/L

Potassium

On the other side of the spectrum, you have the most important intracellular cation. Increased levels can be an indicator of excessive dietary intake, acute renal failure, aldosterone-inhibiting diuretics, a crushing injury to tissues, infection, acidosis, dehydration, etc. Decreased levels can be indicative of a deficient dietary intake, burns, diarrhea or vomiting, diuretics, Cushing's syndrome, licorice consumption, insulin use, cystic fibrosis, trauma, surgery, etc.

Normal range:

Adults
3.5-5 mEq/L

Chloride

This is the major extracellular anion (an ion carrying a negative charge). Its purpose it is to maintain electrical neutrality with sodium. It also serves as a buffer in order to maintain the pH balance of the blood. Chloride typically accompanies sodium and thus the causes for change are essentially the same.

Normal range:

Adult
98-106 mEq/L

Carbon Dioxide

The CO2 content is used to evaluate the pH of the blood as well as aid in evaluation of electrolyte levels. Increased levels can be indicative of severe diarrhea, starvation, vomiting, emphysema, metabolic alkalosis, etc. Increased levels could also mean that you're a plant. Decreased levels can be indicative of kidney failure, metabolic acidosis, shock, and starvation.

Normal range:

Adults
23-30 mEq/L

Glucose

The amount of glucose in the blood after a prolonged period of fasting (12-14 hours) is used to determine whether a person is in a hypoglycemic (low blood glucose) or hyperglycemic (high blood glucose) state. Both can be indicators of serious conditions. Increased levels can be indicative of diabetes mellitus, acute stress, Cushing's syndrome, chronic renal failure, corticosteroid therapy, acromegaly, etc. Decreased levels could be indicative of hypothyroidism, insulinoma, liver disease, insulin overdose, and starvation.

Normal range:

Adult Male
65-120 mg/dl

Adult Female
65-120 mg/dl

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

This test measures the amount of urea nitrogen that's present in the blood. When protein is metabolized, the end product is urea which is formed in the liver and excreted from the bloodstream via the kidneys. This is why BUN is a good indicator of both liver and kidney function. Increased levels can stem from shock, burns, dehydration, congestive hear failure, myocardial infarction, excessive protein ingestion, excessive protein catabolism, starvation, sepsis, renal disease, renal failure, etc. Causes of a decrease in levels can be liver failure, overhydration, negative nitrogen balance via malnutrition, pregnancy, etc.

Normal range:

Adults
10-20 mg/dl

Creatinine

Creatinine is a byproduct of creatine phosphate, the chemical used in contraction of skeletal muscle. So, the more muscle mass you have, the higher the creatine levels and therefore the higher the levels of creatinine. Also, when you ingest large amounts of beef or other meats that have high levels of creatine in them, you can increase creatinine levels as well. Since creatinine levels are used to measure the functioning of the kidneys, this easily explains why creatine has been accused of causing kidney damage, since it naturally results in an increase in creatinine levels.

However, we need to remember that these tests are only indicators of functioning and thus outside drugs and supplements can influence them and give false results, as creatine may do. This is why creatine, while increasing creatinine levels, does not cause renal damage or impair function. Generally speaking, though, increased levels are indicative of urinary tract obstruction, acute tubular necrosis, reduced renal blood flow (stemming from shock, dehydration, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis), as well as acromegaly. Decreased levels can be indicative of debilitation, and decreased muscle mass via disease or some other cause.

Normal range:

Adult Male
0.6-1.2 mg/dl

Adult Female
0.5-1.1 mg/dl

BUN/Creatinine Ratio

A high ratio may be found in states of shock, volume depletion, hypotension, dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding, and in some cases, a catabolic state. A low ratio can be indicative of a low protein diet, malnutrition, pregnancy, severe liver disease, ketosis, etc. Keep in mind, though, that the term BUN, when used in the same sentence as hamburger or hotdog, usually means something else entirely. An important thing to note again is that with a high protein diet, you'll likely have a higher ratio and this is nothing to worry about.

Normal range:

Adult
6-25

Calcium

Calcium is measured in order to assess the function of the parathyroid and calcium metabolism. Increased levels can stem from hyperparathyroidism, metastatic tumor to the bone, prolonged immobilization, lymphoma, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, etc. It's also important to note that anabolic steroids can also increase calcium levels. Decreased levels can stem from renal failure, rickets, vitamin D deficiency, malabsorption, pancreatitis, and alkalosis.

Normal range:

Adult
9-10.5 mg/dl

Liver Function

Total Protein

This measures the total level of albumin and globulin in the body. Albumin is synthesized by the liver and as such is used as an indicator of liver function. It functions to transport hormones, enzymes, drugs and other constituents of the blood.

Globulins are the building blocks of your body's antibodies. Measuring the levels of these two proteins is also an indicator of nutritional status. Increased albumin levels can result from dehydration, while decreased albumin levels can result from malnutrition, pregnancy, liver disease, overhydration, inflammatory diseases, etc. Increased globulin levels can result from inflammatory diseases, hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol), iron deficiency anemia, as well as infections. Decreased globulin levels can result from hyperthyroidism, liver dysfunction, malnutrition, and immune deficiencies or disorders.

As another important side note, anabolic steroids, growth hormone, and insulin can all increase protein levels.

Normal range:

Adult
Total Protein: 6.4-8.3 g/dl
Albumin: 3.5-5 g/dl
Globulin: 2.3-3.4 g/dl

Albumin/Globulin Ratio:

Adult
0.8-2.0

Bilirubin

Bilirubin is one of the many constituents of bile, which is formed in the liver. An increase in levels of bilirubin can be indicative of liver stress or damage/inflammation. Drugs that may increase bilirubin include oral anabolic steroids (17-AA), antibiotics, diuretics, morphine, codeine, contraceptives, etc. Drugs that may decrease levels are barbiturates and caffeine. Non-drug induced increased levels can be indicative of gallstones, extensive liver metastasis, and cholestasis from certain drugs, hepatitis, sepsis, sickle cell anemia, cirrhosis, etc.

Normal range:

Total Bilirubin for Adult
0.3-1.0 mg/dl

Alkaline Phosphatase

This enzyme is found in very high concentrations in the liver and for this reason is used as an indicator of liver stress or damage. Increased levels can stem from cirrhosis, liver tumor, pregnancy, healing fracture, normal bones of growing children, and rheumatoid arthritis. Decreased levels can stem from hypothyroidism, malnutrition, pernicious anemia, scurvy (vitamin C deficiency) and excess vitamin B ingestion. As a side note, antibiotics can cause an increase in the enzyme levels.

Normal range:

16-21 years
30-200 U/L

Adult
30-120 U/L

Pt. 3

AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase, previously known as SGOT)

This is yet another enzyme that's used to determine if there's damage or stress to the liver. It may also be used to see if heart disease is a possibility as well, but this isn't as accurate. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, AST levels can rise to a very high level (20 times the normal value). This happens because AST is released when the cells of that particular organ (liver) are lysed. The AST then enters blood circulation and an elevation can be seen. Increased levels can be indicative of heart disease, liver disease, skeletal muscle disease or injuries, as well as heat stroke. Decreased levels can be indicative of acute kidney disease, beriberi, diabetic ketoacidosis, pregnancy, and renal dialysis.

Normal range:

Adult
0-35 U/L (Females may have slightly lower levels)

ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase, previously known as SGPT)

This is yet another enzyme that is found in high levels within the liver. Injury or disease of the liver will result in an increase in levels of ALT. I should note however, that because lesser quantities are found in skeletal muscle, there could be a weight-training induced increase . Weight training causes damage to muscle tissue and thus could slightly elevate these levels, giving a false indicator for liver disease. Still, for the most part, it's a rather accurate diagnostic tool. Increased levels can be indicative of hepatitis, hepatic necrosis, cirrhosis, cholestasis, hepatic tumor, hepatotoxic drugs, and jaundice, as well as severe burns, trauma to striated muscle (via weight training), myocardial infarction, mononucleosis, and shock.

Normal range:

Adult
4-36 U/L

Endocrine Function

Testosterone (Free and Total)

This is of course the hormone that you should all be extremely familiar with as it's the name of this here magazine! Anyhow, just as some background info, about 95% of the circulating Testosterone in a man's body is formed by the Leydig cells, which are found in the testicles. Women also have a small amount of Testosterone in their body as well. (Some more than others, which accounts for the bearded ladies you see at the circus, or hanging around with Chris Shugart.) This is from a very small amount of Testosterone secreted by the ovaries and the adrenal gland (in which the majority is made from the adrenal conversion of androstenedione to Testosterone via 17-beta HSD).

Nomal range, total Testosterone:

Male

Age 14
<1200 ng/dl

Age 15-16
100-1200 ng/dl

Age 17-18
300-1200 ng/dl

Age 19-40
300-950 ng/dl

Over 40
240-950 ng/dl

Female

Age 17-18
20-120 ng/dl

Over 18
20-80 ng/dl

Normal range, free Testosterone:

Male
50-210 pg/ml

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

LH is a glycoprotein that's secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and is responsible for signaling the leydig cells to produce Testosterone. Measuring LH can be very useful in terms of determining whether a hypogonadic state (low Testosterone) is caused by the testicles not being responsive despite high or normal LH levels (primary), or whether it's the pituitary gland not secreting enough LH (secondary). Of course, the hypothalamus — which secretes LH-RH (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone) — could also be the culprit, as well as perhaps both the hypothalamus and the pituitary.

If it's a case of the testicles not being responsive to LH, then things like clomiphene and hCG really won't help. If the problem is secondary, then there's a better chance for improvement with drug therapy. Increased levels can be indicative of hypogonadism, precocious puberty, and pituitary adenoma. Decreased levels can be indicative of pituitary failure, hypothalamic failure, stress, and malnutrition.

Normal ranges:

Adult Male
1.24-7.8 IU/L

Adult Female
Follicular phase: 1.68-15 IU/L
Ovulatory phase: 21.9-56.6 IU/L
Luteal phase: 0.61-16.3 IU/L
Postmenopausal: 14.2-52.3 IU/L

Estradiol

With this being the most potent of the estrogens, I'm sure you're all aware that it can be responsible for things like water retention, hypertrophy of adipose tissue, gynecomastia, and perhaps even prostate hypertrophy and tumors. As a male it's very important to get your levels of this hormone checked for the above reasons. Also, it's the primary estrogen that's responsible for the negative feedback loop which suppresses endogenous Testosterone production. So, if your levels of estradiol are rather high, you can bet your ass that you'll be hypogonadal as well.

Increased estradiol levels can be indicative of a testicular tumor, adrenal tumor, hepatic cirrhosis, necrosis of the liver, hyperthyroidism, etc.

Normal ranges:

Adult Male
10-50 pg/ml

Adult Female
Follicular phase: 20-350 pg/ml
Midcycle peak: 150-750 pg/ml
Luteal phase: 30-450 pg/ml
Postmenopausal: 20 pg/ml or less

Thyroid (T3, T4 Total and Free, TSH)

T3 (Triiodothyronine)

T3 is the more metabolically active hormone out of T4 and T3. When levels are below normal it's generally safe to assume that the individual is suffering from hypothyroidism. Drugs that may increase T3 levels include estrogen and oral contraceptives. Drugs that may decrease T3 levels include anabolic steroids/androgens as well as propanolol (a beta adrenergic blocker) and high dosages of salicylates. Increased levels can be indicative of Graves disease, acute thyroiditis, pregnancy, hepatitis, etc. Decreased levels can be indicative of hypothyroidism, protein malnutrition, kidney failure, Cushing's syndrome, cirrhosis, and liver diseases.

Normal ranges:

16-20 years old
80-210 ng/dl

20-50 years
75-220 ng/dl or 1.2-3.4 nmol/L

Over 50
40-180 ng/dl or 0.6-2.8 nmol/L

T4 (Thyroxine)

T4 is just another indicator of whether or not someone is in a hypo or hyperthyroid state. It too is rather reliable but free thyroxine levels should be assessed as well. Drugs that increase of decrease T3 will, in most cases, do the same with T4. Increased levels are indicative of the same things as T3 and a decrease can be indicative of protein depleted states, iodine insufficiency, kidney failure, Cushing's syndrome, and cirrhosis.

Normal ranges:

Adult Male
4-12 ug/dl or 51-154 nmol/L

Adult Female
5-12 ug/dl or 64-154 nmol/L

Free T4 or Thyroxine

Since only 1-5% of the total amount of T4 is actually free and useable, this test is a far better indicator of the thyroid status of the patient. An increase indicates a hyperthyroid state and a decrease indicates a hypothyroid state. Drugs that increase free T4 are heparin, aspirin, danazol, and propanolol. Drugs that decrease it are furosemide, methadone, and rifampicin. Increased and decreased levels are indicative of the same possible diseases and states that are seen with T4 and T3.

Normal ranges:

0.8-2.8 ng/dl or 10-36 pmol/L

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

Measuring the level of TSH can be very helpful in terms of determining if the problem resides with the thyroid itself or the pituitary gland. If TSH levels are high, then it's merely the thyroid gland not responding for some reason but if TSH levels are low, it's the hypothalamus or pituitary gland that has something wrong with it. The problem could be a tumor, some type of trauma, or an infarction.

Drugs that can increase levels of TSH include lithium, potassium iodide and TSH itself. Drugs that may decrease TSH are aspirin, heparin, dopamine, T3, etc. Increased TSH is indicative of thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, and congenital cretinism. Decreased levels are indicative of hypothyroidism (pituitary dysfunction), hyperthyroidism, and pituitary hypofunction.

Normal ranges:

Adult
2-10 uU/ml or 2-10 mU/L

Knowing how to interpret these tests can be a very valuable tool in terms of health and your body building and athletic progress. Use your new knowledge wisely.
__________________

Posted by Masswithclass on Musclesci

Excellent post X. I think getting a blood test a couple of times a year is one of the best things you can do health wise. Not only that but its a great way to track progress on certain readings.

I had my bloodwork done around a month ago. From my experiences if you don't tell your doctor you want the results the lab company will usually call you up and simply tell you everything is fine, thats it. Not exactly what you want.

I think the best thing you can do is get your doctor to write a script for the bloodwork and schedule an appointment soon after. I usually schedule a physical at the same time so I can kill two birds with one stone. I usually have some ligament or tendon bothering me from lifting anyhow. By scheduling some sort of appointment your doctor is able to go over the results with you and explain each one.

Wish I had this printout before as the lab results can be really confusing without this info.

Originally posted by Dr.X
Anabolic steroids promote strength gain, muscle synthesis, and increased metabolic capacity. Their responsible, moderate use improves athletic performance, cosmetic appearance, and perceived social opportunity and self-esteem. However, anabolics achieve their effects by perturbing the human endocrine system, a complex feedback mechanism of glands and organs that are, in healthy and youthful persons, in an exquisite state of natural balance. Compounds like anabolic steroids that alter this balance are appropriate for use only by mature, well-trained athletes who understand these drugs, their risks and their benefits. Except in the case of prospective users of clear promise for national or international ranking in a sport, realistically hopeful for the kinds of benefits such ranking confers, the following should be characteristic of anyone, of any age, prior to the addition of anabolic steroids to a training regime:


1. PHYSICAL MATURITY. Anabolics can, through either direct or indirect effects, cause premature closure of the epiphyseal plates (growth plates) at the end of bone, an irreversible effect that may result in permanently shorter stature than the athlete would otherwise achieve. Therefore, the athlete should have reached full physical stature and maturity of the skeleton before contemplating anabolic use. In most cases, full stature is not reached until the very late teens and, in many cases, development of both long skeletal bones and joint assemblies (hips and shoulders) continues into the early 20's, development of the larynx (voice box) into the mid-20’s.


2. SIGNIFICANT MATURE MUSCULARITY. Anabolics have poor effect, or transitory effect, on athletes in mediocre condition; in addition, their tendency to boost muscle strength ahead of the strength of supporting tendons and ligaments can lead to debilitating injury in athletes without substantial prior training. Therefore, the athlete should have accumulated a significant amount of mature muscle mass and tendon strength through a dedicated program of resistance training prior to beginning anabolic use. Recognizing that there is substantial individual variability in training efficiency and effects, a minimum of 3 years, perhaps as many as 7, of dedicated weight training is required to achieve this necessary physical foundation, on which anabolics can be used safely and to best effect.

Originally posted by Dr.X

3. THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE. Anabolics are not a substitute for proper technique or applied knowledge of the basics of exercise physiology. Therefore, the athlete considering the use of anabolics should have a very thorough and detailed knowledge of lifting technique, dietary practice, recuperative processes, and hormonal and nonhormonal supplementation, and should if possible prepare for the use of anabolics under the guidance of a trusted mentor who has mastered these issues. In particular, the athlete should have an excellent understanding of the uses, effects, and risk profiles of anabolics, and should be thoroughly conversant with the kinds of ancillary agents that minimize side-effects and speed post-cycle recovery. Recognizing that there is substantial individual variability in the pace at which this knowledge is acquired, at least a year of arduous study and reading is necessary to understand anabolics and post-cycle recovery, and at least 4 years of practice is required to establish the requisite knowledge base of lifting technique, recuperation, and diet.

4. PSYCHOLOGICAL MATURITY. Anabolic steroids can have marked effect on mood and disposition, either during the cycle of active use, or its aftermath. Therefore, the athlete considering the use of anabolics should have the psychological health and maturity that will enable him or her to use anabolics with minimal social, psychological, and legal risk to both him/herself and his/her network of partners and collaborators. In addition, the athlete should be firm enough in purpose and balanced enough in approach to understand not only how and when to initiate use of anabolics, but how and when to curtail or abandon use safely should that need arise.

The use of anabolic steroids is unwise for persons who have not satisfied these prerequisites, though exceptions may be made in cases of very unusual athletic promise. While not a function of mere calendar age per se, it is unarguable that, on average, the likelihood that these conditions will have been met increases as the age of the prospective anabolic user increases.

For the reasons adduced above, the following statement of consensus opinion is made:

Allowing for substantial individual variability, and with the exception of cases of truly outstanding athletic promise, the athlete considering the use of anabolics should be socially and physically mature, psychologically healthy, and should have completed 4 to 7 years of dedicated, mentored training in strength/endurance athletics and study in lifting technique, dietary practices, recuperation skills and supplementation. In most cases, the athlete will have reached the age of 21 before these prerequisites are in place, recognizing that many athletes will not have achieved the necessary experience, physical maturity, and psychic balance until their mid-20's or even later.

There are many side effects, some of which are specific to teen users:

Acne
Possible increase in Male Pattern Baldness
Gynecomastia (bitch tits)
Stunted growth (premature closing of growth plates - not only affects height, but also other long bones such as collar bone)
Natural testosterone production supression (not ideal at such an important time for your endocrine system)
Risk of injury (anabolics normally provide an increase in strength. Muscles react more quickly than tendons. This can be an issue even for veteran lifters - potentially much more of a problem for novice trainers who's form is still likely to be poor)
Possible liver stress with alkylated steroids
Possible sexual dysfunction

Testosterone enantate

Testosterone enantate is an ester of the naturally occurring androgen, testosterone. It is responsible for the normal development of the male sex characteristics. In the event of insufficient testosterone production an almost complete balance of the functional, anatomic, and psychic deficiency symptoms can be achieved by substituting testosterone." (Excerpt from the package insert of the German pharmaceutical group, Jenapharm GmbH for its compound Testosterone-Depot.)

These lines clearly describe what an important and effective hormone testosterone is. One of the many testosterone substances is the testosterone enanthate. In a man it is normally used to treat hypogonadism resulting from androgen deficiency (1) and anemia (2). Surprisingly, in medical schools testosterone enanthate is also used in women and children. Boys and male youth take it as growth therapy and women take it as an "additive treatment for certain growth forms of the nipples during post-menopause". In body building, however, it is THE "mass building steroid." No matter what you think of Dianabol, Parabolan, Anadrol 50, Finaject, and others, when it comes to strength, muscle mass, and rapid weight gains, testosterone is still the "King of the Road." Testosterone enanthate is the European counterpart to Testosterone Cypionate which is predominantly available in the U.S. (see also Testosterone Cypionate). Testosterone enanthate, as most trade names already suggest, is a long-acting depot steroid. Depending on the metabolism and the body's initial hormone level it has a duration of effect of two to three weeks so that theoretically very long intervals between injections are possible. Although Testosterone enanthate is effective for several weeks, it is injected at least once a week in body building, power lifting, and weight lifting. This, by all means, makes sense since Testosterone enanthate has a plasma half-life time in the blood of only one week.

The decisive advantage of Testosterone enanthate, however, is that this substance has a very strong androgenic effect and is coupled with an intense anabolic component. This allows almost everyone, within a short time, to build up a lot of strength and mass. The, rapid and strong weight gain is combined with distinct water retention since a retention of electrolytes and water occurs. A pleasant effect is that the enormous strength gain goes hand in hand with the water retention. Weight lifters and power lifters, especially in the higher weight classes, appreciate this characteristic. In this group, Testosterone enanthate, Testosterone Cypionate, and Sustanon 250 are the number one steroids; this is also clearly re-flected in the dosages. Dosages of 500 mg, 1000 mg or even 2000 mg per day are no rarity mind you, per day, not per week. Sports disciplines requiring a high degree of raw power, aggressiveness, and stamina offer an excellent application for Depot-Testosterone. The distinct water retention has also other advantages. Those who have problems with their joints, shoulder cartilages or whose intervertebral disks, due to years of heavy training, show the first signs of wear, can get temporary relief by taking testosterone.

For the bodybuilder, the water retention that goes hand in hand with Testosterone enanthate cuts both ways. Certainly, one gets rapidly massive and strong; however, one's reflected image after a few weeks often shows completely flat, watery, and puffy muscles. The muscles appear as if they have been pumped up with air' to new dimensions, yet during flexing nothing happens. Those who do not believe this should bother to go visit the so called "body building champions" during the OFF-season when these exaggerated quantities of "Testo" come in. A look at the now defunct bodybuilding magazine WBF makes it even clearer. An additional problem when taking Testosterone enanthate is that the conversion rate to estrogen is very high. This, on one hand, leads the body to store more fat; on the other hand, feminization symptoms (gynecomastia) are not unusual. However, it must be clearly stated that this depends on the athlete's predisposition. By all means, there are athletes who even with 1000 mg +/week do not show feminization symptoms or fat deposits and who suffer very low water retention. Others, however, develop pain in their nipples by simply looking at a Testoviron-Depot ampule. Yet the additional intake of Nolvadex and Proviron should be considered at a dosage level of 500 mg+ /week. As already mentioned, Testo is effective for everyone, whether a beginner or Mr. Olympia. Testosterone enanthate also strongly promotes the regeneration process. This leads to distinctly shorter overcompensation phases, an increased feeling of well-being, and a distinct energy increase. This is also the reason why several athletes are able to work out twice daily for several hours six times a week and continue to build up mass and strength. Those who can work out again two hours after a hard leg workout know that Testo works. Athletes who take Testosterone enanthate report an excessively strong pump effect during training. This "steroid pump" is attributed to an increased blood volume with a higher oxygen supply and a higher quantity of red blood cells. Those who take megadoses of Testosterone enanthate will already feel an enormous pump in their upper thighs and calves when climbing stairs. Despite this we recommend that steroid novices stay away from all testosterone compounds. To make it very clear: Those who have never taken steroids do not yet need any testosterone and should wait until later when the "weaker" steroids begin to have little effect. For the more advanced, Testosterone enanthate can either be taken alone or in combination with other compounds.

For adding mass Testosterone enanthate combines very well with Anadrol 50, Dianabol, Deca-Durabolin, and Parabolan. As an example, a stack of 100 mg Anadrol 50/day, 200 mg Deca-Durabolin/ week, and 500 mg Testosterone enanthate/week works well. After six weeks of intake the Anadrol 50, for example, could be replaced by 40 mg Dianabol/day. Principally, Testosterone enanthate can be combined with any steroid in order to gain mass. Apparently a synergetic effect between the androgen, Testosterone enanthate, and the anabolic steroids occurs which results in their bonding with several receptors.Those who draw too much water with Testosterone enanthate and Dianabol or Anadrol, or who are more interested in strength without gaining 20 pounds of body weight should take Testosterone enanthate together with Oxandrolone or Winstrol. The generally taken dose as already mentioned varies from 250 mg/week up to 2000 mg/day. In our opinion the most sensible dosage for most athletes is between 250-1000 mg/week. Normally a higher dosage should not be necessary When taking up to 500 mg/week the dosage is normally taken all at once, thus 2 ml of solution are injected. A higher dosage should be divided into two injections per week. The quantity of the dose should be determined by the athlete's developmental stage, his goals, and the quantity of his previous steroid intake. The so called beach and disco body builders do not need 1000 mg of Testosterone enanthate/week. Our experience is that the Testosterone enanthate dosage for many, above all, depends on their financial resources. Since it is not, by any means, the most economic testosterone, most athletes do not take too much. Others switch to the cheaper Omnadren and because of the low price continue "shooting" Omnadren.

Testosterone enanthate has a strong influence on the hypothalamohypophysial testicular axis. The hypophysis is inhibited by a positive feedback. This leads to a negative influence on the endogenic testosterone production. Possible effects are described by the German Jenapharm GmbH in their package insert for the com-pound Testosteron Depot: " In a high-dosed treatment with testosterone compounds an often reversible interruption or reduction of the spermatogenesis in the testes is to be expected and consequently also a reduction of the testes size." Consequently, after reading these statements, additional intake of HCG should be considered. Those who take Testosterone enanthate should consider the intake of HCG every 6-8 weeks. An injection of 5000 I.U. every fifth day over a period of 10 days (a total of 3 injections) helps to reduce this problem. At the end of the testosterone treatment the administration of HCG, Clomid, Nolvadex and Clenbuterol is now quite common. To some extent the use of these compounds helps absorb the catabolic phase and helps elevate the endogenic testosterone level. By this method the strength and mass loss which occur in any event can be reduced. Those who go off Testosterone enanthate cold turkey after several weeks of use will wonder how rapidly their body weights and former voluminous muscles will decrease. Even a slow tapering-off phase, that is reducing the dosage step by step, will not prevent a noticeable reduction. The only options available to the athlete consist of taking testosterone-stimulating compounds (HCG, Clomid, Cyclofenil), anti-catabolic substances (Clenbuterol, Ephedrine), or the very expensive growth hormones, or of switching to milder steroids (Deca-Durabolin, Winstrol, Primobolan). Most can get massive and strong with Testosterone enanthate. However, only very few are able to retain their size after discontinuing the compound. This is also one of the reasons why really good body builders, power lifters, weight lighters, and others take the "stuff " all year long.

The side effects of Testosterone enanthate are mostly the distinct androgenic effect and the increased water retention. This is usually the reason for the frequent occurrence of hypertony (3). Those who have a predisposition for high blood pressure or whose blood pres-sure is elevated when they begin taking Testosterone enanthate should have it periodically checked by a physician. If necessary the intake of an antihypertensive drug (4) such as Catapresan is advisable. Many athletes experience a strong acne vulgaris with Testosterone enanthate which manifests itself on the back, chest, shoulders, and arms more than on the face. Athletes who take large quantities of Testo can often be easily recognized because of these characteristics. It is interesting to note that in some athletes these characteristics only occur after use of the compound has been discontinued, which implies a rebound effect. In severe cases the medicine Accutane can help. The already discussed feminization symptoms, especially gynecomastia, require the intake of an anti-estrogen. Sexual overstimulation with frequent erections at the beginning of intake is normal. In young athletes, "in addition to virilization,testosterone can also lead to an accelerated growth and bone maturation, to a premature epiphysial closing of the growth plates and thus a lower height" (Jenapharm GmbH, package insert for Testosteron-Depot).' Since mostly taller athletes are successful in body building, young adults should reflect carefully before taking any anabolic/andro-genic steroids, in particular, testosterone.

Other possible side effects are testicular atrophy, reduced spermatogenesis, and especially an increased aggressiveness. Those who transfer this aggressiveness to their training and not their environment do not have to worry. Unfortunately this is not the case in some athletes who take Testosterone enanthate. Testosterone and Finaject are both primary reasons for some eruptions. In particular, high doses are in part responsible for anti-social behavior among its users. One can talk here of a sort of "superman syndrome" that occurs in some users. Although Testosterone enanthate is broken down through the liver, this compound is only slightly toxic when taken in a reasonable dose; therefore, changes of the liver values do not occur as often as with the oral 17-alpha alkylated steroids. Further potential side effects can be deep voice and accelerated hair loss.

Women should normally avoid its intake since it could result in unpleasant androgen-linked side effects. The use of testosterone in women may cause symptoms of virilization such as acne vulgaris, hirsutism (5), androgenetic alopecia (6), voice changes, and occasional clitorial hypertrophy and an unnaturally perceived increase in libido. Changes in voice and alopecia must be classified as irreversible, hirsutism and clitorial hypertrophy as in part reversible." Women who are not afraid of this are found at many competition scenes. In our opinion, 250 mg is the maximum quantity of Testosterone enanthate that a fe-male athlete should take each 7-10 days. However in competition bodybuilding and especially in powerlifting much higher dosages and shorter injection intervals have been observed in women.

Another interesting side effect of Testosterone enanthate is mentioned in the bodybuilding magazine Muscle Media 2000, June July 1993 on page 45. Judging whether this is positive or negative is left to the reader. 'A few years ago, the Lancet Medical Journal of England reported that they found testosterone (the proto-type anabolic steroid) to be a remarkably effective form of male birth control. Researchers conducted a 12 month study which included 270 men and determined that weekly injections of the hormone testosterone were 'safe, stable, and effective.' They discovered that weekly testosterone injections had a success rate of 99.2% as a birth control method. That makes it more effective than the birth control pill (97%) and much more effective than condoms (88%). The study also revealed that the effects of the contraceptive injections were entirely reversible upon discontinuing administration of the drug and that the testosterone injections produced minimal side effects."

Similar studies with identical data are also in progress at a German university clinic. Although this is not part of the actual subject of this book, these results stress at least the need for testosterone stimulating compounds during and after the intake of Testosterone enanthate. Since it is effective for such a long period of time, Testosterone enanthate is always taken more frequently by athletes during their "steroid intervals." An injection of 250 mg every 2-3 weeks helps maintain strength and mass. Whether this application makes sense remains to be seen; the fact is that it works.

(1) Inadequate function of the genital glands (2) Anemia (3) High blood pressure (4) To reduce high blood pressure (5) Increased hair growth in face and on legs (6) Androgenic linked loss of hair on the scalp.

Testosterone propionate

Testosterone propionate, after Testosterone Cypionate and Testosterone Enanthate, is the third injectable testosterone ester that needs to be described in detail. This makes sense because, unlike cypionate and enanthate, both of which are widely used and well spread in Europe, proprionate is little noticed by most athletes. The reader will now certainly pose the question of why the characteristics of an apparently rarely used substance are described in detail. At a first glance this might seem a little unusual but when looking at this substance more closely, there are several reasons that become clear. Testosterone propionate is used on so few occasions in weight lifting, power lifting, and body building not because it is ineffective. On the contrary, most do not know about propionate and its application potential. One acts according to the mottos "what you don't know won't hurt you" and "If others don't use, it can't be any good." We do not want to go this far and call propionate the most effective testosterone ester, however, in certain applications it is superior to enanthate, cypionate, and also undecanoate because it has characteristics, which the common testosterones do not have.

The main difference between propionate, cypionate, and enanthate is the respective duration of effect. In contrast to the long-acting enanthate and cypionate depot steroids, propionate has a distinctly lower duration of effect. The reader learns how long this time is from the package insert of the German Jenapharm GmbH for their compound "Testosteron Jenapharm" (see list with trade names): "Testosterone proprionate has a duration of effect of 1 to 2 days." An eye-catching difference, however, is that the athlete "draws" distinctly less water with propionate and visibly lower water retention occurs. Since propionate is quickly effective, often after only one or two days, the athlete experiences an increase of his training energy, a better pump, an increased appetite, and a slight strength gain. As an initial dose most athletes prefer a 50-100 mg injection. This offers two options: First, because of the rapid initial effect of the propionate-ester one can initiate a several week long steroid treatment with Testosterone Enanthate. Those who cannot wait until the depot steroids become effective inject 250 mg of Testosterone Enanthate and 50 mg of Testosterone propionate at the beginning of the treatment. After two days, when the effect of the propionates decreases, another 50 mg ampule is injected. Two days after that, the elevated testosterone level caused by the propionate begins to decrease. By that time, the effect of the enanthates in the body would be present; no further propionate injections would be necessary. Thus the athlete rapidly reaches and maintains a high testosterone level for a long time due to the depot testo. This, for example, is important for athletes who with Anadrol 50 over the six-week treatment have gained several pounds and would now like to switch to testosterone. Since Anadrol 50 begins its "breakdown" shortly after use of the compound is discontinued, a fast and elevated testosterone level is desirable.

The second option is to take propionate during the entire period of intake. This, however, requires a periodic injection every second day. Best results can be obtained with 50-100 mg per day or every second day. The athlete, as already mentioned, will experience visibly lower water retention than with the depot testosterones so that propionate is well liked by body builders who easily draw water with enanthate. A good stack for gaining muscle mass would be, for example, 100 mg Testosterone propionate every 2 days, 50 mg Winstrol Depot every 2 days, and 30 mg Dianabol/day. Propionate is mainly used in the preparation for a competition and used by female athletes. And in this phase, dieting is often combined with, testosterone to maintain muscle mass and muscle density at their maximum. Propionate has always proven effective in this regard since it fulfills these requirements while lowering possible water retention. This water retention can be tempered by using Nolvadex and Proviron. A combination of 100 mg Testosterone propionate every 2 days, either 50 mg Winstrol Depot/day or 76 mg Parabolan every 2 days, and 25 mg Oxandrolone/day help achieve this goal and are suitable for building up "quality muscles."

Women especially like propionate since, when applied properly, androgenic caused side effects can be avoided more easily The trick is to increase the time intervals between the various injections so that the testosterone level can fall again and so there is an accumulation of androgens in the female organism. Women therefore take propionate only every 5-7 days and obtain remarkable results with it. The, androgenic effect included in the propionate allows better regeneration without virilization symptoms for hard-training women. The dosage is usually 25-50 mg/injection. Higher dosages and more frequent intervals of intake would certainly show even better results but are not recommended for women. The duration of intake should not exceed 8-10 weeks and can be supplemented by taking mild and mostly anabolic steroids such as, for example, Primobolan, Durabolin, and Anadur in order to promote the synthesis of protein. Men who do not fear the intake of testosterone or the possible side effects should go ahead and give propionate a try. The side effects of propionate are usually less frequent and are less pronounced. The reason is that the weekly dose of propionate is usually much lower than with depot testosterones. A daily injection of 50 mg amounts to a weekly dose of 350 mg while several depot injections easily launch the milligram content of testosterone into the four-figure range. When compared with enanthate and cypionate, propionate is also a "milder" substance and thus better tolerated in the body. Those who are convinced that they need daily testosterone injections should consider taking propionate. The key to success with propionate lies in the regular intake of relatively small quantities (50-100 mg every 1-2 days.)

Although the side effects of propionate are similar to the ones of enanthate and cypionate these, as already mentioned, occur less frequently. However, if there is a predisposition and very high dosages are taken, the known androgenic-linked side effects such as acne vulgaris, accelerated hair loss, and increased growth of body hair and deep voice can occur. An increased libido is common both in men and women with the use of propionate. Despite the high conversion rate of propionate into estrogen gynecomastia is less common than with other testosterones. The same is true for possible water retention since the retention of electrolytes and water is less pronounced. The administration of testosterone stimulating compounds such as HCG and Clomid can, however, also be advised with propionate use since it has a strong influence on the hypothalamohypophysial testicular axis, suppressing the endogenous hormone production. The toxic influence on the liver is minimal so that a liver damage is unlikely (see also Testosterone Enanthate). What athletes dislike most about propionate are the frequent injections that are necessary.

As for frequent injections: The Testosterone Berco Suppositories by the German company Funke can help. This is quite an unusual testosterone compound since these are suppositories. The suppositories contain 40 mg Testosterone propionate and are introduced into the body through the rectum. This form of intake also has an additional advantage. The substance Testosterone propionate is reabsorbed very rapidly through the intestine.

Sustanon

Testosterone propionate 30mg, Testosterone phenylpropionate 60 mg, Testosterone isocaproate 60 mg, Testosterone decanoate 100 mg

Sustanon is a very popular steroid which is highly appreciated by its users since it offers several advantages when compared to other testosterone compounds. Sustanon is a mixture of four different testosterones which, based on the well-timed composition, have a synergetic effect. This special feature has two positive characteris-tics for the athlete. First, based on the special combination effect of the compounds, Sustanon, milligram for milligram, has a better effect than Testosterone enanthate, cypionate, and propionate alone. Second, the effect of the four testosterones is time-released so that Sustanon goes rapidly into the system and remains effective in the body for several weeks. Due to the propionate also included in the steroid, Sustanon is effective after one day and, based on the mixed in decanoates, remains active for 3-4 weeks. Sustanon has a distinct androgenic effect which is coupled with a strong anabolic effect. Therefore it is well suited to build up strength and mass. A rapid increase in body strength and an even increase in body weight oc-cur. Athletes who use Sustanon report a solid muscle growth since it results in less water retention and also aromatizes less than either testosterone enanthate or cypionate. Indeed many bodybuilders who use testosterone and fight against distinct water retention and an elevated estrogen level prefer Sustanon over other long-acting de-pot testosterones.

It is further noticed that Sustanon is also effective when relatively low doses are given to well advanced athletes- It is interesting to note that when Sustanon is given to athletes who have already used this compound in the same or lower doses, it leads to similar good results as during the previous intake. Sustanon is usually injected at least once a week, which can be stretched up to 10 days. The dosage in bodybuilding and powerlifting ranges from 250 mg every 14 days up to 1000 mg or more per day. Since such high dosages are not recommended-and fortunately are also not taken in most cases-the rule is 250-1000 mg/week. A dosage of 500 mg/week is completely sufficient for most, and can often be reduced to 250-mg/ week by combining Sustanon with an oral steroid. Sustanon is well tolerated as a basic steroid during treatment which stimulates the regeneration, gives the athlete a sufficient "kick" for intense train-ing units, and next to the already mentioned advantage-rapid strength increase and solid muscle gain distinguishes itself also by its compatibility. In order to gain mass fast Sustanon is often com-bined with Deca-Durabolin, Dianabol or Anadrol while athletes who are more into quality prefer combining it with Parabolan, Winstrol, Oxandrolone or Primobolan.

Although Sustanon does not aromatize excessively when taken in a reasonable dosage many people, in addition, also take an antiestrogen such as Nolvadex and/or Proviron to prevent possible estrogen-linked side effects. Since Sustanon suppresses the endogenous testosterone production the intake of HCG and Clomid must be considered after six weeks or at the end of treatment. It is recommended that women not take depot testosterones since the androgen level would strongly increase and virilization symptoms could result. Despite this, it is not uncommon for female competing athletes in the higher weight classes to take testosterone since it helps in remaining "competi-tive." Women who use "Testo" or who would like to try it should limit its use to either only testosterone propionate or inject a maxi-mum of 250 mg Sustanon every 10-14 days over a period of no longer than six weeks. At this point we would like to emphasize once more that steroid novices should stay away from all testoster-one compounds since, at this time, they simply do not need them. The side effects of Sustanon are similar to those of Testosterone enanthate (see also Testosterone enanthate) only that they are usu-ally less frequent and less severe. Depending on the predisposition and dosage, the user can experience the usual androgenic-linked side effects such as acne, aggressiveness, sexual overstimulation, oily skin, accelerated hair loss, and reduced production of the body's own hormones. Water retention and gynecomastia are usually within limits with the "Sustas" or are not as massive as with enanthate and cypionate. Liver damage is unlikely with Sustanon (see Test-osterone enanthate); however, in very high dosages, elevated liver values can occur which, after discontinuing use of the compound, usually go back to normal. The fact that the liver is a very efficient organ and able to cope well with higher quantities of testosterone is confirmed in the book Doping-verbotene Arzneimittel im Sport by Dirk Clasing and Manfred Donike. On page 54 the authors state: "The liver is able to metabolize an almost unlimited amount of tes-tosterone (2 g of rat liver are able to break down 100 mg/day of testosterone). "

Sustanon is well distributed on the black market and readily avail-able. It is difficult to find the less frequently available original "Susta. " On the black market mostly the Russian or Indian 5ustanon 250 is sold. The Indian Sustanon 250 is manufactured in Calcutta, India, by Organon and officially destined for export to Russia. Through Czechoslovakia, however, large quantities of this original Sustanon 250 are smuggled to Europe and the U.S. The Russian Sustanon 250 comes in a plastic film; printed in blue ink on the back are the name of the compound, the manufacturer, and the included substances . This imprint is either stamped on aluminum foil or on white paper. Five ampules are combined in one strip whereas each ampule is packaged individually. There are also several fakes of the Russian version which, however, can be easily identified by the rounded corners of the label. The originals always have a label with sharp corners.

Trenbolone Acetate

Finaplix is a veterinary cattle implant, which contains the potent androgenic steroid trenbolone acetate. This is the same drug which was once available as an injectable in the U.S., labeled Finaject, although it's production has been discontinued here and worldwide for about a decade. Finaplix was the last remaining pure trenbolone acetate, however it too had now been discontinued and replaced with Revalor, trenbolone acetate with a small amount of estradiol, an estrogen (see Revalor). Trenbolone acetate is a potent androgen, which will not readily convert to estrogen. Since in this case it is in the form of a cattle implant, administration is a bit difficult. Most commonly, these implant pellets are ground up and mixed with a 50/50 water/DMSO mix and applied to the skin daily. This homebrew transdermal mix is very effective, as seen in Finaplix's popularity. Some a little more daring have mixed their own Bi-weekly (or more frequent) injections, although I couldn't see this being a very sanitary practice. Either when applied to the skin, or injected, users report great strength and mass gains with no gyno or water retention. Along with being a strong muscle-building steroid, it is also noted as being very effective at burning fat. This has made it very appealing for competitive athletes looking to shed fat, while at the same time trying to avoid water retention and keep the hard physique, which a strong androgen helps bring about. It should be noted that this is not a beginner's steroid. Finaplix can be very toxic, especially to the kidneys. Since this is a strong androgen, related side effects such as acne and increased aggression are also very common. To be cautious, users will commonly limit their use of this drug to 4 or 6 weeks. Old lots of Finaplix are still available through some veterinary suppliers, and being an implant is not being controlled as a steroid. It will not be long before old lots are exhausted and pure trenbolone acetate will once again disappear.

Winstrol (stanozolol)

Winstrol is one of the favorite steroids in general, as confirmed by many positive doping cases. Stanozolol, for example, was one of the substances which enabled Ben Johnson to achieve his magic sprints. It also gave this excep-tional athlete a distinctly visible gain in hard and defined quality muscles, possibly making quite a few bodybuilders envious. During the first doping-tested professional bodybuilding championships, the Arnold's Classic 1990, the winner, Shawn Ray, and the enormously massive Canadian pro, Nimrod King, tested positive on Winstrol (stanozolol), (FLEX, July 1990). The Track and Field World Champi-onships 1993 in Stuttgart also brought two positive "stanozolol cases" to light. To make a long story short: Winstrol is a very effec-tive steroid when used correctly. It is important to distinguish be-tween the two different forms of administration of stanozolol, since the injectable Winstrol Depot is distinctly more effective than the oral Winstrol. Thus it is preferred by most athletes.

What is special about the injectable Winstrol Depot is that its sub-stance is not-as is common in almost all steroids-dissolved in oil; it is dissolved in water. Although almost every steroid-experienced bodybuilder knows this difference, the practical application of this knowledge rarely occurs: the injection-free intervals of the com-pound Winstrol Depot must be distinctly shorter than with the other common steroids. Simplified, this means that Winstrol Depot 50 mg/ml must be injected much more frequently than the oil-dis-solved steroids (e.g. Primobolan, Deca-Durabolin, Sustanon 250, Parabolan, etc.). The reason for this is the relative low half-life time of steroids. Those dissolved in water must be injected at least every second day, and best results are observed at a daily injection of 50 mg. The substance stanozolol is a precursor to the dihydrotestosterone and consequently, it prevents Winstrol Depot from aromatizing into estrogens with water retention occurring only rarely. Based on these characteristics the main application of Winstrol Depot is clearly defined in bodybuilding: preparation for a competi-tion. Together with a calorie-reduced diet which is rich in protein Winstrol Depot gives the muscles a continuously harder appear-ance. Winstrol Depot is usually not used as the only steroid during dieting since, based on its low androgenic component, it does not reliably protect the athlete from losing muscle tissue. The missing, pronounced androgenic effect is often balanced by a combined in-take with Parabolan. Depending on the athlete's per-formance level, the athlete usually takes 50 mg Winstrol Depot ev-ery 1-2 days and Parabolan 76 mg/1.5 ml every 1-2 day. Although there is no scientific proof of a special combined action between Winstrol Depot and Parabolan, based on several practical examples, a synergetic effect seems likely. Other steroids which athletes suc-cessfully combine with Winstrol Depot during the preparation for a competition include Masteron, Equipoise, Halotestin, Oxandrolone, Testosterone propionate, Primobolan, and HGH.

Winstrol Depot, however, is not only especially suited during prepa-ration for a competition but also in a gaining phase. Since it does not cause water retention rapid weight gains with Winstrol Depot are very rare. However, a solid muscle gain and an over proportionally strong strength increase occur, usually remaining after use of the compound is discontinued. Bodybuilders who want to build up strength and mass often combine Winstrol Depot with Dianabol, Anadrol 50, Testosterone, or Deca-Durabolin. With a stack of 100 mg Anadrol 50/day, 50 mg Winstrol Depot/day, and 400 mg Deca-Durabolin/week the user slowly gets into the dosage range of am-bitious competing athletes. Older athletes and steroid novices can achieve good progress with either Winstrol Depot/Deca-Durabolin or Winstrol Depot/Primobolan Depot. They use quite a harmless stack which normally does not lead to noticeable side effects. This leaves steroid novices with enough room for the "harder" stuff which they do not yet need in this phase. Winstrol Depot is mainly an anabolic steroid with a moderate, androgenic effect which, however, can especially manifest itself in women dosing 50 mg/week and in men dosing higher quantities. Problems in female athletes usually occur when a quantity of 50 mg is injected twice weekly. The effect of Winstrol Depot decreases considerably after a few days and thus an injection at least twice weekly is justified. However, an undesired accumulation of androgens in the female organism can occur, re-sulting in masculinization symptoms - Some deep female voices cer-tainly originated with the intake of Winstrol Depot. However, a dose of 50 mg Winstrol Depot every second day in ambitious female athletes is the rule rather than the exception. Other non-androgenic side effects can occur in men as well as in women, manifesting them-selves in headaches, cramps, changes in the HDL and LDL values, and in rare cases, in high blood pressure. Possible liver damage can be estimated as very low when Winstrol is injected; however, in large doses an elevation in the liver values is possible. Since Winstrol Depot is dissolved in water the injections are usually more uncom-fortable or more painful than is the case with oily solutions.

Although there are many fakes of the injectable Winstrol, the origi-nal "Winny " as it is lovingly called by its users, is easily recognized based on its unusual form of administration. At a first glance the content of the ampule is only a milky, white, watery solution which, however, has distinct characteristics. Original "Winny " is recognized because the substance separates from the watery injection fluid when the ampule is not shaken for some time. When the ampule is left flat in its ampule box or, for example, stands upright on a table, the substance accumulates as a distinctly visible white layer on the lower side of the glass and can only be mixed with the watery fluid if shaken several times or rolled forward and backward. An ampule containing I ml of suspension and its 50 mg dissolved stanozolol should normally separate a white layer in the size of almost a thumb-nail. The athlete thus can easily determine whether his injectable Winstrol is actually stanozolol or is rather under closed. Do not buy ampules or glass vials which contain more than I ml of suspension since an original injectable Winstrol is only available in one-millili-ter glass ampules.

When injected daily Winstrol Depot can become a very expensive compound. It also has the disadvantage that, because of the fre-quent injections, the already-mentioned scar tissue will develop in the gluteal region (buttocks) which leads many athletes to inject Winstrol in their shoulders, arms, legs or even calves. Although this was originally intended as an expedient, injecting Winstrol Depot into certain muscles has become increasingly popular since athletes have noticed that this leads to an accelerated growth of the affected muscle. An American pro bodybuilder who is known for his cross striated, horseshoe- shaped triceps owes this in considerable part to his regular "triceps Winstrol-Depot injections." A confusion with the also often used Esiclene is excluded. Athletes who want to avoid daily injections usually take 2-3ml Winstrol Depot twice a week. in the U.S. injectable stanozolol is manufactured only for veterinary medicine. It is distributed under the name Winstrol V by Winthrop and Upjohn.

Nandrolone Deconate (aka Deca)

Deca-Durabolin is a brand name of Organon Company, the manu-facturer of the drug containing the substance nandrolone decanoate. Although nandrolone decanoate is still contained in many generic compounds, almost every athlete connects this substance with Deca--Durabolin. Most common are the administrations of 5 0 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml. Deca-Durabolin is the most widespread and most commonly used injectable steroid. Deca's large popularity can be attributed to its numerous possible applications and, for its mostly positive results. Deca-Durabolin causes the muscle cell to store more nitrogen than it re-leases so that a positive nitrogen balance is achieved. A positive ni-trogen balance is synonymous with muscle growth since the muscle cell, in this phase, assimilates (accumulates) a larger amount of pro-tein than usual. The same manufacturer, however, points out on the package insert that a positive nitrogen balance and the protein--building effect that accompany it will occur only if enough calories and proteins are supplied. One should know this since, otherwise, satisfying results with Deca cannot be obtained. The highly ana-bolic effect of Deca-Durabolin is linked to a moderately androgenic component, so that a good gain in muscle mass and strength is obtained. At the same time, most athletes notice considerable water retention which, no doubt, is not as distinct as that with injectable testosterones but which in high doses can also cause a smooth and watery appearance. Since Deca also stores more water in the connective tissues, it can temporarily case or even cure existing pain in joints. This is especially good for those athletes who complain about pain in the shoulder, elbow, and knee; they can often enjoy pain-free workouts during treatment with Deca-Durabolin. Athletes use Deca, depending on their needs, for muscle buildup and in preparation for a competition.

Deca is suitable, even above average, to develop muscle mass since it promotes the protein synthesis and simultaneously leads to water retention. The optimal dose for this purpose lies between 200 and 600 mg/week. Scientific research has shown that best results can be obtained by the intake of 2-mg/pound body weight. Those who take a dose of less than 200 mg/week will usually feel only a very light anabolic effect which, however, increases with a higher dosage. Most male athletes experience good re-sults by taking 400 mg/week. Steroid novices usually need only 200 mg/week. Deca works very well for muscle buildup when combined with Dianabol and Testosterone. The famous Dianabol/ Deca stack results in a a fast and strong gain in muscle mass. Most athletes usually take 15-40 mg Dianabol/day and 200-400 mg Deca/week. Even faster results can be achieved with 400 mg Deca/week and 500 mg 5ustanon 250/week. Athletes report an enormous gain in strength and muscle mass when taking 400 mg Deca/week, 500 mg Sustanon 250/week, and 30 mg Dianabol/day. Deca is a good basic steroid which, for muscle buildup, can be combined with many other steroids.

A conversion into estrogen, that means an aromatizing process, is possible with Deca-Durabolin but occurs at a lower rate than ex: testosterone. During competi-tions with doping tests Deca must not be taken since the metabo-lites in the body can be proven in a urine analysis up to 18 months later. The risk of potential water retention and aromatizing to estro-gen can be successfully prevented by combining the use of Proviron with Nolvadex. A preparatory stack often observed in competing athletes includes 400 mg/week Deca-Durabolin, 50 mg/day Winstrol, 228 mg/week Parabolan, and 25 mg/day Oxandrolone.

Although the side effects with Deca are relatively low with dosages of 400 mg/week, androgenic-caused side effects can occur. Most problems manifest themselves in high blood pressure and a pro-longed time for blood clotting, which can cause frequent nasal bleed-ing and prolonged bleeding of cuts, as well as increased production of the sebaceous gland and occasional acne. Some athletes also re-port headaches and sexual overstimulation. When very high dos-ages are taken over a prolonged period, spermatogenesis can be in-hibited in men, i.e. the testes produce less testosterone. The reason is that Deca-Durabolin, like almost all steroids, inhibits the release of gonadotropins from the hypophysis.

Women with a dosage of up to 100 mg/week usually experience no major problems with Deca. At higher dosages androgenic-caused virilization symptoms can occur, including deep voice (irreversible), increased growth of body hair, acne, increased libido, and possibly clitorihypertrophy. Women who experience disturbance even at a weekly dose of only 50 mg/week of Deca-Durabolin, are often better off taking the earlier-mentioned and faster-acting Durabolin. Unlike the long-acting Deca, when Durabolin is administered once or twice weekly in a dosage of 50 mg, no concentration of undesired amounts of androgens occur. Since most female athletes get on well with Deca-Durabolin a dose of Deca 50 mg +/week is usually com-bined with Oxandrolone 10 mg +/day Both compounds, when taken in a low dosage, are only slightly androgenic so that masculinizing side effects only rarely occur. Deca, through its increased protein synthesis, also leads to a net muscle gain and Oxandrolone, based on the increased phosphocreatine synthesis, leads to a measurable strength gain with very low water retention. Other variations of administration used by female athletes are Deca and Winstrol tab-lets, as well as Deca and Primobolan S-tablets.

Boldenone (aka Equipose)

Today, the substance boldenone undecylenate can only be found in steroids for veterinary medicine. The American Equipoise is for horses; the Columbian Ganabol is used for cattle; and the German Vebonol for dogs. Athletes do not care, which shows the enormous popularity and far-reaching application of these steroid compounds. Boldenone undecylenate is also very effective in humans and offers the athlete interesting characteristics which other steroids simply do not have.

Equipoise has a relatively high anabolic effect which is usually connected with a moderately distinct androgenic component. For this reason, Equipoise is not the steroid that will cause enormous gains in strength and muscle mass in the shortest time. Equipoise has a very favorable effect on the organism's nitrogen balance so that the main effect consists of a distinctly increased protein synthesis in the muscle cell. The resulting gain in body weight consists of a solid quality increase of the muscles which occurs slowly and evenly. The high quality is caused by low water retention of the substance. An additional advantage is that Equipoise aromatizes only slightly, thus making it an effective drug to use when preparing for competitions. Athletes who are dieting combine Equipoise with Winstrol Depot and report a dramatic increase in muscle hardness. Together with a sufficiently high supply of calories and protein this combination offers its users a large increase in strength and a rapid gain in qual-ity muscles. Many will notice that Equipoise stimulates the appe-tite. The advantages achieved can usually be well-maintained over several weeks after use of the compound is discontinued. Equipoise also stimulates the erythropoiesis which is manifested by improved development and the formation of red blood cells. Bodybuilders thus experience an improved pump effect during workout and an im-proved vascularity

For most male athletes the weekly dosage is usually 150-300 mg. Often since only the 25 mg version can be found, frequent or very voluminous injections are necessary For most athletes 50 mg (corresponding to a 2 ml injection) taken every second day is sufficient. Advanced and ambitious bodybuilders usually take higher doses (50 mg daily) and achieve dramatic results. Women also usually respond well to Equipoise and with 5 0-100 mg/week they gain good muscles with a low water retention. A dosage in this range is usually well tolerated. Higher dosages can cause virilization symptoms such as deep voice, increased production of the sebaccous gland and acne, increased libido and in some cases increased hair growth on the face and legs. Men have few problems with Equipoise. Since water and salt retentions are low, the blood pressure usually does not increase. Acne, gynecomastia, and increased aggressiveness occur only in rare instances. The feared "steroid fever," which can occur when using veterinary steroids, is rare with Equipoise since the product by Squibb is highly sterile and pure. Those who experience flu-like symptoms when they begin taking the compound should reduce the dosage for a short time.

HCG

HCG, is not an anabolic/an-drogenic steroid but a natural protein hormone which develops in the placenta of a pregnant woman. HCG is manufac-tured from the urine of pregnant women since it is excreted in un-changed form from the blood via the woman's urine, passing through the kidneys. The commercially available HCG is sold as a dry substance and can be used both in men and women. in women injectable HCG allows for ovulation since it influences the last stages of the development of the ovum, thus stimulating ovulation. In a man HCG stimulates pro-duction of androgenic hormones (testosterone). For this reason athletes use injectable HCG to increase the testosterone produc-tion. HCG is often used in combination with anabolic/androgenic steroids during or after treatment. Since the body usually needs a certain amount of time to get its testoster-one production going again, the athlete, after discontinuing ste-roid compounds, experiences a difficult transition phase which often goes hand in hand with a considerable loss in both strength and muscle mass. Administering HCG directly after steroid treat-ment helps to reduce this condition because HCG increases the testosterone production in the testes very quickly and reliably. In the event of testicular atrophy caused by mega doses and very long periods of usage, HCG also helps to quickly bring the testes back to their original condition (size). Since occasional injections of HCG during steroid intake can avoid a testicular atrophy, many athletes use HCG for two to three weeks in the middle of their steroid treatment. It is often observed that during this time the athlete makes his best progress with respect to gains in both strength and muscle mass. Those who are on the juice all year round, who might suffer psychological consequences or who would perhaps risk the breakup of a relationship because of this should consider this drawback when taking HCG in regular in-tervals. A reduced libido and spermatogenesis due to steroids, in most cases, can be successfully cured by treatment with HCG.

Most athletes, however, use HCG at the end of a treatment in order to avoid a "crash," that is, to achieve the best possible transition into "natural training." A precondition, however, is that the steroid intake or dosage be reduced slowly and evenly before taking HCG. Although HCG causes a quick and significant increase of the endogenic plasma- testosterone level, unfortunately it is not a perfect remedy to prevent the loss of strength and mass at the end of a steroid treatment. Although HCG does stimulate endogenous testosterone production, it does not help in re-estab-lishing the normal hypothalamic/pituitary testicular axis. The hypothalamus and pituitary are still in a refractory state after prolonged steroid usage, and remain this way while HCG is being used, because the endogenous testosterone produced as a-result of the exogenous HCG represses the endogenous LH production. Once the HCG is discontinued, the athlete must still go through a re-adjustment period. This is merely delayed by the HCG use." For this reason experienced athletes often take Clomid and Clenbuterol following HCG intake or they immediately begin an-other steroid treatment. Some take HCG merely to get off the "steroids" for at least two to three weeks.

HCG package insert states clearly that HCG "has no known effect of fat mobilization, appetite or sense of hunger, or body fat distribution." It further states, "HCG has not been demonstrated to be effective adjunctive therapy in the treatment of obesity, it does not increase fat losses beyond that resulting from caloric restriction. 6000 I.U. of HCG in a single injection resulted in elevated testosterone levels for six days after the injection. At a dosage of 1500 I.U. the pharmatestosterone level increases by 250-300% (2.5-3fold) com-pared to the initial value. The athlete should inject one HCG ampule every 5 days. Since the testosterone level remains considerably elevated for several days, it is unnecessary to inject HCG more than once every 5 days. The effective dosage for ath-letes is usually 2000-5000 I.U. per injection and should-as al-ready mentioned-be injected every 5 days. HCG should only be taken for a few weeks. If HCG is taken by male athletes over many weeks and in high dosages, it is possible that the testes will respond poorly to a later HCG intake and a release of the body's own LH. This could result in a permanent inadequate gonadal function.

HCG can in part cause side effects similar to those of injectable testosterone. A higher testosterone production also goes hand in hand with an elevated estrogen level which could result in gynecomastia. This could manifest itself in a temporary growth of breasts or reinforce already existing breast growth in men. Farsighted athletes thus combine HCG with an antiestrogen. Male athletes also report more frequent erections and an increased sexual desire. In high doses it can cause acne vulgaris and the storing of minerals and water. The last point must especially be observed since the water retention which is possible through the use of HCG could give the muscle system a puffy and watery appear-ance. Athletes who have already increased their endogenous test-osterone level by taking Clomid and intend subsequently to take HCG could experience considerable water retention and distinct feminization symptoms (gynecomastia, tendency toward fat de-posits on the hips). This is due to the fact that high testosterone leads to a high conversion rate to estrogens. In very young ath-letes HCG, like anabolic steroids, can cause an early stunting of growth since it prematurely closes the epiphysial growth plates. Mood swings and high blood pressure can also be attributed to the intake of HCG.

HCG's form of administration is also unusual. The substance choriongonadotropin is a white powdery freeze-dried substance which is usually used as a compress. Each package, for each HCG ampule, includes another ampule with an injection solution containing isotonic sodium chloride. This liq-uid, after both ampules have been opened in a sterile manner, is injected into the HCG ampule and mixed with the dried substance. The solution is then ready for use and should be injected intra-muscularly. If only part of the substance is injected the residual solution should be stored in the refrigerator. It is not necessary to store the unmixed HCG in the refrigerator; however, it should be kept out of light and below a temperature of 25* C.

T3 (aka cytomel, cynomel)

Cytomel is not an anabolic/androgenic steroid but a thyroid hormone. As a substance it contains synthetically manufactured liothyronine sodium which resembles the natural thyroid hormone tricodide-thyronine (L-T3). The thyroid of a healthy person usually produces two hormones, the better known L-thyroxine (L-T4) and the aforementioned L-triiodine-thyronine (L-T3). Since Cytomel is the synthetic equivalent of the latter hormone, it causes the same processes in the body as if the thyroid were to produce more of the hormone. It is interesting to note that L-T3 is clearly the stronger and more effective of these two hormones. This makes Cytomel more effective than the commercially available L-T4 compounds such as L-thyroxine or Synthroid. L-T3 has proven to be 4-5 times more biologically active and to take effect more quickly than L-thyroxine (L-T4)." In school medicine Cytomel is used to treat thyroid insufficiency (hypothyroidism). Among other secondary symptoms are obesity, metabolic disorders, and fatigue. Bodybuilders take advantage of these characteristics and stimulate their metabolism by taking Cytomel, which causes a faster conversion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Body builders, of course, are especially interested in an increased lipolysis, which means increased fat burning. Competing body builders, in particular, use Cytomel during the weeks before a championship since it helps to maintain an extremely low fat content, without necessitating a hunger diet. Athletes who use low dosages of Cytomel report that by the simultaneous intake of steroids, the steroids become mote effective, most likely as the result of the faster conversion of protein.

To a great extent several body builders who are pictured in "muscle magazines" and display a hard and defined look in photos, eat fast food and iron this out by taking Cytomel. The over stimulated thyroid burns calories like a blast furnace. Nowadays, instead of Cytomel, athletes use Clenbuterol which is becoming more and more popular. Those who combine these two compounds will burn an enormous amount of fat. Cytomel is also popular among female body builders. Since women generally have slower metabolisms than men, it is extremely difficult for them to obtain the right form for a competition given today's standards. A drastic reduction of food and calories below the 1000 calorie/day mark can often be avoided by taking Cytomel. Women, no doubt, are more prone to side effects than men but usually get along well with 50 mcg/day. A short-term intake of Cytomel in a reasonable dosage is certainly "healthier" than an extreme hunger diet.

As for the dosage, one should be very careful since Cytomel is a very strong and highly effective thyroid hormone. It is extremely important that one begins with a low dosage, increasing it slowly and evenly over the course of several days. Most athletes begin by taking one 25-mcg tablet per day and increasing this dosage every three to four days by one additional tablet. A dose higher than 100-mcg/ day is not necessary and not advisable. It is not recommended that the daily dose be taken all at once but broken down into three smaller individual doses so that they become more effective. It is also important that Cytomel not be taken for more than six weeks. At least two months of abstinence from the drug needs to follow. Those who take high dosages of Cytomel over a long period of time are at risk of developing a chronic thyroid insufficiency. As a consequence, the athlete might be forced to take thyroid medication for the rest of his life. It is also important that the dosage is reduced slowly and evenly by taking fewer tablets and not be ended abruptly. Those who plan to take Cytomel should first consult a physician in order to be sure that no thyroid hyperfunction exists.

Possible side effects are: heart palpitation, trembling, irregular heartbeat, heart oppression, agita-tion, shortness of breath, excretion of sugar through the urine, excessive perspiration, diarrhea, weight loss, psychic disorders, etc., as well as symptoms of hypersensitivity." Our experience is that most symptoms consist of trembling of hands, nausea, headaches, high perspiration, and increased heartbeat. These negative side effects can often be eliminated by temporarily reducing the daily dosage. Those who use Cytomel over several weeks will experience a decrease in muscle mass. This can be avoided or delayed by simultaneously taking steroids. For the most part, since Cytomel also metabolizes protein, the athlete must eat a diet rich in protein.